Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Geographic Tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the loss of epithelium due to the atrophy of filiform papillae. It usually occurs on the dorsum of the tongue and may extend to its lateral edges. It appears as an erythematous area surrounded by whitish and slightly elevated margins. In most cases, the condition is asymptomatic, although some individuals may report symptoms that include a burning sensation of the tongue. OBJECTIVE: Assess whether there was a change in the clinical aspect of Geographic Tongue (GT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Thirty-two participants were recruited from Dentistry School Universidade Federal Fluminense. Anamnesis and oral examination were performed to collect medical history. The participants were split into two groups: control group (no GT) n = 20 and test group (with GT) n = 12. In the second step, nine participants from a 12 (75%) of the test group were contacted by phone and answered a questionnaire about changes in the signs and symptoms of GT during the pandemic. The subjects were subdivided into two groups: GT with and without signs and symptoms exacerbation. RESULTS: In the first phase of the research, no statistical difference between control and test groups was observed regarding clinical criteria such as age (p + 0.72), gender (p = 0.24), and systemic diseases (p = 0.58). In the second phase, there was a statistical difference between GT groups with or without symptom exacerbation in terms of age and stress as a factor of the oral symptoms (p = 0.3 and 0.2), respectively. Younger patients showed a worsening of the oral lesions related to GT (p = 0.3) and reported stress during the pandemic (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Younger patients were more susceptible to stress and presented more exacerbation of the oral lesions related to GT.

The use of a polyglycolic acid polymer graft in Peyronie's disease - preliminary outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Plaque incision and grafting is indicated for patients with Peyronie's Disease [PD] and severe curvature, complex deformities or for patients with significant penile shortening. To date, no graft studied has been considered ideal. The aim of this study is to conduct a descriptive analysis about functional results with the use of a bioabsorbable graft for PD treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, retrospective evaluation of a cohort of patients who were treated by plaque incision and grafting with a polyglycolic acid polymer graft (Gore® Bio-A®) between 2018 and 2021 was conducted. Correction of penile curvature was the main outcome. Loss of penile sensitivity, de novo erectile dysfunction and any other adverse event were the secondary endpoints. RESULTS: 14 patients were included in this study (mean age 59.5 ± 7.2 years). The median follow-up time was 12 months (range 3-12). The curvature correction rate was 78.5%. Glans hypoesthesia was present in one of 14 patients (7.1%) and refractory erectile dysfunction was reported in 64.2%. None of the patients presented any major adverse event based on Clavien-Dindo classification. CONCLUSIONS: Curvature correction and changes in penile sensitivity rates were similar to those found in the literature. No major surgical complications, such as graft rejection, infection, and extrusion, occurred in this sample. Although a population with a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction was included in this sample, higher rates of refractory erectile dysfunction were observed and these findings should be confirmed in further studies.

Does sodium thiosulphate avoid the formation of the brown-coloured precipitate as an intermediate irrigant between NaOCl and chlorhexidine?

This study evaluated the efficacy of sodium thiosulphate (ST) as an intermediate irrigant between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) to avoid the formation of the brown-coloured precipitate. The in vitro experiment used microtubes to test the mixture of 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 5% ST solutions, varying their order and time of addition. In the ex vivo experiment, 10 bovine teeth were divided into two groups according to the intermediate irrigant used: distilled water (control) and 5% ST (experimental). Colour change occurred in all microtubes after interaction between solutions. While the precipitate was not observed in the experimental group, it was seen in all specimens of the control group. The 5% ST was able to prevent the formation of the brown-coloured precipitate in the ex vivo experiment, whereas it only prevented its in vitro formation when the waiting time for adding CHX was 10, 15 and 20 min.

A HUMANIZAÇÃO NO ESCOPO DA FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA DOS GRADUANDOS EM ODONTOLOGIA, ENFERMAGEM E MEDICINA À LUZ DOS PROJETOS POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICOS / HUMANIZATION IN THE SCOPE OF ACADEMIC TRAINING OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN DENTISTRY, NURSING AND MEDICINE IN THE LIGHT OF PEDAGOGICAL POLITICAL PROJECTS

Um dos maiores desafios na formação acadêmica do profissional de saúde é a conscientização da importância da humanização no atendimento, que, além de valorizar o cuidado em suas dimensões técnicas e científicas, reconhece também o direito dos pacientes, sua subje-tividade, individualidade e autonomia. Este trabalho objetivou identificar e analisar, por meio de uma pesquisa documental, a pre - sença do termo humanização nos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos e Diretrizes Curriculares dos cursos de: Odontologia, Enfermagem e Medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense em Niterói, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. A análise documental dos currículos evi- denciou uma aproximação com o tema nos três cursos estudados, porém com variações importantes no que se refere ao método de aplicação dos conteúdos teórico-práticos, ao longo do processo de formação. Nessa perspectiva, o curso de Medicina apresentou uma distribuição mais homogênea dos conteúdos relacionados ao termo humanização encontrado nas suas disciplinas obrigatórias. Foi pos- sível, também, perceber o empenho dos cursos em contemplar as Novas Diretrizes Curriculares tendo a humanização como elemento prioritário no que se refere à construção de novas relações entre alunos, docentes, usuários dos serviços e a rede do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) local. Conclui-se que os três cursos estudados apresen- tam uma aproximação com o tema, esforçam-se em incorporar os pressupostos da humanização, tais como: ética, respeito, acolhimento, e procuram uma maior aproximação entre os sujeitos envolvidos na construção de novas relações entre alunos, docentes e usuários dos serviços e a rede SUS local.

One of the greatest challenges in the health professional training is to be aware of the importance of humanization in care, in which, in addition to valuing care in its technical and scientific dimensions, they also recognize patients' rights, their subjectivity, individuality and autonomy. This work aimed to identify and analyze, through documentary research, the presence of the term humanization in the Political Pedagogical Projects and Curricular Guidelines of the Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing courses of the Federal Fluminense University. A descriptive exploratory research was carried out with a qualitative approach. The documentary analysis showed an approximation with the theme in the three courses studied, but with important variations regarding the method of application of the theoretical-practical content, throughout the training process. In this perspective, the Medicine course presented a more homogeneous distribution of the contents related to the term humanization found in its obligatory subjects. It was also possible to perceive the commitment of the courses to contemplate the New Curricular Guidelines, with humanization as a priority element in the construction of new relationships among students, teachers, users of the services and the local Public Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). It is concluded that the three courses studied present an approxima-tion with the theme, strive to incorporate the presuppositions of humanization, such as: ethics, respect, acceptance, and seek a closer approximation between the subjects involved in the construction of new relations among students, teachers and users of the services and the local SUS.

Is canal overinstrumentation able to produce apical root dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth?

AIM: To assess the impact of mechanical overinstrumentation of root canals in extracted teeth on the development of dentinal microcracks in the apical portion of the root by means of micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. Root canal preparation short of the canal terminus and at the apical foramen (AF) were used as controls. METHODOLOGY: Twenty 2-rooted maxillary premolars with two canals were selected, scanned in a micro-CT device and the root canals prepared sequentially using Reciproc M-Wire R25 instruments to working lengths: 1 mm short of the AF (AF - 1 mm), at the AF (AF), and overinstrumentation (AF + 1 mm). A micro-CT scan of each specimen was performed after each time point. After reconstruction and co-registration procedures, the images were screened from the cementoenamel junction to the apex (n = 55 352) to identify the presence of dentinal microcracks in the apical third of the root. RESULTS: After the analyses of 55 352 slices, dentinal microcracks were visualized in 12.45% of the images (6892 slices), with 5.73% (3174 slices) in the cervical, 3.57% (1976 slices) in the middle and 3.15% (1740 slices) in the apical third. All dentinal microcracks observed at all time points (AF - 1 mm, AF and AF + 1 mm) were already present in the corresponding images before canal instrumentation. Therefore, no new microcracks were detected, regardless of the working length used for canal instrumentation. CONCLUSION: Reciprocating root canal preparation either short, at or beyond the AF (overinstrumentation) did not create dentinal microcracks in the roots of extracted 2-rooted maxillary premolars.

Effects of clinical use of NiTi reciprocating instruments on cyclic and torsional resistance, and on roughness.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance and surface roughness of Reciproc R25 instruments in four different situations, namely as new instruments and as instruments tested after clinical preparation of one, two or three maxillary molars with four root canals. The total time required to perform each root canal preparation was recorded. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the time to fracture using a customized testing device (n = 10 per group). The torsional test evaluated the torque and angle of rotation to failure according to ISO 3630-1 (n = 10 per group). The roughness of the working parts of new and used instruments was evaluated with a profilometer (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at 5%. No fractures or deformations were observed after clinical use. Higher preparation time was needed during the third use of the instruments for all root canals (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in regard to either cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance (p > 0.05). Regarding the roughness measurements, groove depth was higher on new and one- versus two- or three-maxillary-molar-prepared instruments (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the clinical use of Reciproc instruments increased preparation time and decreased surface roughness. However, clinical use did not affect the cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance of the Reciproc instruments.

Effects of clinical use of NiTi reciprocating instruments on cyclic and torsional resistance, and on roughness

Abstrac The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance and surface roughness of Reciproc R25 instruments in four different situations, namely as new instruments and as instruments tested after clinical preparation of one, two or three maxillary molars with four root canals. The total time required to perform each root canal preparation was recorded. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the time to fracture using a customized testing device (n = 10 per group). The torsional test evaluated the torque and angle of rotation to failure according to ISO 3630-1 (n = 10 per group). The roughness of the working parts of new and used instruments was evaluated with a profilometer (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at 5%. No fractures or deformations were observed after clinical use. Higher preparation time was needed during the third use of the instruments for all root canals (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in regard to either cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance (p > 0.05). Regarding the roughness measurements, groove depth was higher on new and one- versus two- or three-maxillary-molar-prepared instruments (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the clinical use of Reciproc instruments increased preparation time and decreased surface roughness. However, clinical use did not affect the cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance of the Reciproc instruments.

Evaluation of the success rates of immediate implant placement in anterior and posterior regions success rates of immediate implant: a retrospective study

Introdution: Immediate implants placement has shown contradictory results inthe posterior region. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the successrate and predictability of the short-term treatment using immediate implants inanterior and posterior regions. Methods: A total of 1000 dental charts wereanalyzed, of which 43 were included in the study: anterior (n=20) and posterior(n=23). The inclusion criteria were: tooth extraction indication, immediate single-tooth implant placement and at least twelve months of follow-up with functionalimplant. The success rates were based on the criteria I. and II. from the healthscale for dental implants proposed at the International Congress of Oral ImplantDentistry: no pain; no mobility, until 4 mm of bone loss, no exudate. P-value <0.05was considered significant. Results: The total success rate of immediate implantswas 97.7% for immediate implants in function for at least 12 months. The use ofbiomaterial (p=0.03) and temporary prosthesis (p<0.0001) were significantly higherin the anterior group. There was no significant difference in implant failure betweengroups (p=0.47). There was no statistical difference between the groups, consideringage, sex, extraction reason, initial torque immediately following implantplacement, treatment time and implant platform type (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Itmay be concluded that the anterior and posterior regions present a high short-term success rate when the immediate implant technique was used.

Introdução: A utilização de implante imediato em regiões posteriores temapresentado resultados contraditórios. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foicomparar o índice de sucesso e previsibilidade à curto prazo de implantes imediatosinstalados em regiões anterior e posterior. Métodos: Um total de 1000 prontuáriosforam analisados, dos quais 43 foram incluídos neste estudo: Anterior (n=20) eposterior (n=23). Os critérios de inclusão foram: Indicação de extração dentária,instalação de implantes imediatos unitários, no mínimo doze meses de segmentocom implante funcional. Os critérios de sucesso foram baseados na escala desaúde dos implantes dentários do Congresso Internacional de Implantologia Oral,eixo I. e II.: ausência de dor, ausência de mobilidade, ausência de exudato e perdaóssea de até 4 mm. Valor de p<0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante.Resultados: O índice de sucesso dos implantes imediatos foi de 97,7% paraimplantes em função por pelo menos 12 meses. O uso de biomaterial (p=0,03) eprótese provisória (p<0,0001) foi significantemente maior em região anterior.Não foi encontrado diferença significante quanto a falha dos implantescomparando os dois grupos (p=0,47). Não houve diferença estatisticamentesignificante entre os grupos, considerando a idade, gênero, motivo da extração,torque inicial, tempo de tratamento e tipo de plataforma do implante (p>0,05).Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que as regiões anterior e posterior apresentaramalta taxa de sucesso a curto prazo quanto a técnica de implante imediato.

Micro-computed Tomography Shaping Ability Assessment of the New Blue Thermal Treated Reciproc Instrument.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to assess canal preparation outcomes achieved by the new Reciproc Blue instrument using micro-computed tomography technology. M-Wire Reciproc was used as a reference instrument for comparison. METHODS: Seven pair-matched mesial roots of mandibular molars presenting similar anatomic features of the canal (length, volume, surface area, and configuration) were selected after scanning procedures and assigned to 1 of the 2 groups according to the instrument used, M-Wire Reciproc and Reciproc Blue. After canal instrumentation, the specimens were rescanned, and the registered preoperative and postoperative datasets were examined to evaluate the percentages of removed dentin, untouched canal walls, and degree of canal transportation. Comparisons regarding the above outcomes between the 2 groups were done by using paired t test with the alpha-type set at 5%. RESULTS: Root canals prepared with conventional M-Wire Reciproc or Reciproc Blue were found to present similar shaping properties with no significant differences in the tested parameters. CONCLUSIONS: M-Wire Reciproc and Blue Reciproc presented similar shaping outcomes.

Fatores associados à sobrevida de pacientes com tumores de mediastino / Associated factors to survival of patients with mediastinal tumors

Os tumores de mediastino são patologias raras porém com uma taxa de letalidade elevada. Devido ao quadro clínico inespecífico, estudos que possam esclarecer quais são os fatores que estão associados a sobrevida, podem delinear estratégias de conduta que futuramente possam mudar esta situação. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a sobrevida e os fatores associados em pacientes com tumores de mediastino na Grande Florianópolis. Foi realizado um estudo de análise de sobrevida no HRSJ em São José, SC. A população incluiu 127 pacientes com tumores de mediastino de junho de 1995 à dezembro de 2014. Os dados foram extraídos por uso do instrumento de coleta desenvolvido para o estudo. A análise estatística foi feita no programa SPSS® versão 16.0 e aplicaram-se o método Kaplan-Meier para as funções de sobrevida e o teste de Log-rank para associação. Aprovado no CEP UNISUL e HRSJ. A sobrevida geral em 5 anos foi de 77,5%. A proporção quanto ao gênero foi 1:1, com idade média de 44,31 anos. Nos tumores benignos 61,7% eram assintomáticos e os nos tumores malignos 63,4% eram sintomáticos (p=0,03). A sobrevida tumores de células germinativas foi de 30% em 5 anos e nos cistos foi de 100% em 5 anos. Os tumores malignos se mostraram os mais letais (p=0,02), sendo os tumores de células germinativas o principal tipo histológico. O quadro clínico sintomático mostrou-se mais prevalente nos tumores malignos.

Mediastinal tumors are a rare type of disease, however it has a high lethality rate. Owing to the inespecific clinical, studies that can elucidate which are the associated factors to survival, can trace strategies that in the future can change this situation. The objective of the study is to determine the survival and the associated factors in patients with mediastinal tumors at Florianópolis and São José. A survival analysis held at HRSJ in São José, SC. 127 patients were included diagnosed with mediastinal tumors from June 1995 to December 2014. Data were extracted by the use of the data collection instrument developed for the study. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS® version 16.0 and have applied Kaplan-Meier method for the survival analysis and the Log-rank test for association. Approved in Ethical Committee in Research of UNISUL and HRSJ. The overall survival in 5 years was 77,5%. The gender proportion was similar, the mean age was 44,31 years. In benign tumors, 61,7% were assymptomatic and in malignant tumors, 63,4% were symptomatic (p=0,03). The survival of germ cells turmors were 30% in 5 years and in the cists were 100% in 5 years.The malignant tumors showed to be more lethal (p=0,02), as germ cells tumors the main histological type. The symptomatic clinical features were more prevalent in malignant tumors.

Fatores associados ao óbito intra-hospitalar em pacientes internados por infarto agudo do miocárdio / Factors associated with death intra-hospital in hospitalized patients for acute myocardial infarction

As doenças do aparelho circulatório são importantes causas de internação hospitalar. Dentre elas, o infarto agudo do miocárdio destaca-se pela sua morbimortalidade e seus custos gerados no Sistema Único de Saúde. Estudos que possam esclarecer quais são os fatores que estão associados a este desfecho podem delinear estratégias de conduta que futuramente possam mudar esta situação. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os fatores associados ao óbito intra-hospitalar em pacientes internados por IAM no Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina (ICSC). Estudo de coorte não-concorrente realizado no ICSC em São José, SC. A população incluiu 349 pacientes internados com diagnóstico de IAM no período de janeiro de 2013 à janeiro de 2014. Os dados foram extraídos por meio do uso do instrumento de coleta de dados desenvolvido para o estudo. A análise estatística foi feita no programa Stata® versão 10 e aplicaram-se os testes do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, com p<0,05. O risco relativo foi estimado com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Aprovado no CEP UNISUL e ICSC. Dos 349 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 4,58% foram a óbito. A maioria da população era do sexo masculino (67,62%) com idade entre 51-70 anos. As variáveis com significância estatística foram: acometimento de TCE (p=0,001), classificação de Killip (p=0,001), PCR (p=0,001), diabetes (p=0,01). Os fatores associados ao óbito intra-hospitalar em pacientes internados por IAM foram: acometimento de TCE, classificação de Killip, PCR nas primeiras 48 horas com sucesso na reanimação, tempo de internação e diabetes.

Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of hospitalization. Among them, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is distinguished by its morbidity and costs generated in the Health System. Studies that can clarify what are the factors that are associated with this outcome can devise management strategies that may eventually change this situation. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with in-hospital death risk in patients hospitalized with AMI in Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina (ICSC). A retrospective cohort study was conducted in ICSC in São José, SC. The population included 349 patients hospitalized with AMI between January 2013 and January 2014. Data were extracted by the use of the data collection instrument developed for the study. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata® version 10 and have applied the chi-square or Fisher exact test, with p <0.05. The relative risk was estimated with a confidence interval of 95%. Approved in Ethical Committee in Research of UNISUL and ICSC. Of the 349 patients included in the study, 4.58% died. The majority of the population was male (67,62%) aged 51-70 years. The statistically significant variables were: impairment of the left main coronary artery (p=0,001), Killip classification (p= 0,001), cardiac arrest (p<0,001), diabetes (p=0,01). The factors associated with in-hospital death in patients hospitalized for AMI were: involvement of the left main coronary artery, Killip classification, cardiac arrest within 48 hours with successful resuscitation, hospitalization time and diabetes.

Immediate Desensitization in Teeth Affected by Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Abstract The aim of this paper was to describe a clinical case of immediate dental desensitization using a self-etch adhesive system in an adolescent patient diagnosed with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). AI was associated with severe tooth sensitivity, treated by the application of a universal adhesive system for desensitization of the teeth affected by AI. Reduction of tooth sensitivity was assessed using a visual analog scale during all reevaluations. The technique was effective for reducing tooth sensitivity. It was concluded that the adhesive system for tooth desensitization had an immediate effect and maintained its effectiveness during a 12-month follow-up period.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever uma técnica de dessensibilização dental imediata, usando o adesivo universal em paciente adolescente diagnosticado com amelogênese imperfeita. O paciente afetado pela amelogênese imperfeita apresentava dentes extremamente sensíveis, e foi submetido a aplicações de adesivo universal para dessensibilizar os dentes afetados por amelogênese imperfeita. A redução da sensibilidade dentária foi avaliada pela escala analógica visual durante todas as reavaliações. A técnica foi efetiva na redução da sensibilidade dental. Concluiu-se que o uso do sistema adesivo foi eficaz na imediata dessensibilidazação dentária e mantida após doze meses de avaliação.

Immediate Desensitization in Teeth Affected by Amelogenesis Imperfecta.

The aim of this paper was to describe a clinical case of immediate dental desensitization using a self-etch adhesive system in an adolescent patient diagnosed with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). AI was associated with severe tooth sensitivity, treated by the application of a universal adhesive system for desensitization of the teeth affected by AI. Reduction of tooth sensitivity was assessed using a visual analog scale during all reevaluations. The technique was effective for reducing tooth sensitivity. It was concluded that the adhesive system for tooth desensitization had an immediate effect and maintained its effectiveness during a 12-month follow-up period.

Avaliação da microdureza e do potencial antimicrobiano de cimentos para cimentação modificados com diacetato de clorexidina a 0, 5% / Microhardness and antimicrobial potential evaluation of cements for cementation modified with 0, 5% diacetate chlorhexidine

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a microdureza e o potencial antimicrobiano de três cimentos para cimentação utilizados em dentística modificados com diacetato de clorexidina a 0,5%. Para o teste de exaustão foram usados 48 corpos de prova de 5 mm de diâmetro por 2 mm de altura, colocados numa placa de 96 orifícios, divididos em 2 corpos de prova de acordo com o período de eluição para cada grupo previamente determinado. A eluição foi feita com PBS (tampão fostato), tornando o ambiente isotônico, por períodos de 60, 30 e 15 dias, ou sem exaustão (imediato), com posterior exposição ao inóculo bacteriano (Streptococcus mutans em 80 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias - UFC), em meio isotônico para evitar a morte da bactéria. Após 60 minutos de exposição a 37ºC, cada corpo de prova recebeu 100 µL de agar TSA, para a análise do crescimento das colônias. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada através do teste colorimétrico de Metiltetrazolium (MTT), em que foi utilizada uma suspensão celular L929 (fibroblastos gengival de camundongo), linhagem recomendada pela ISO 10993-5 de 2009 para a realização dos testes de citotoxicidade. As amostras ficaram em eluição pelos períodos de 24 horas, 72 horas e 7 dias , momentos em que foram aliquotados 200 µL da solução de eluição do corpo de prova, para a realização do teste. No geral foram testadas quatro réplicas de cada uma das amostras obtidas distribuídas nos grupos de corpo de prova previamente definidos, sendo confeccionados 18 corpos de prova com 5 mm de diâmetro por 2 mm de altura. A análise de microdureza Knoop (KHN) foi feita confeccionando cinco espécimes para cada grupo experimental com 5 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de altura, incluídos em seis blocos de resina acrílica rosa. Cada grupo foi denominado conforme os respectivos tratamentos a serem utilizados. Grupo 1 (G1) - cimento de fosfato de zinco sem diacetato de clorexidina; Grupo 2 (G2) - Ketac™ Cem Easymix sem diacetato de clorexina; Grupo 3 (G3) - RelyX™ U 200 sem diacetato de clorexidina; Grupo 4 (G4) - cimento de fosfato de zinco com diacetato de clorexidina 0,5%; Grupo 5 (G5) - Ketac™ Cem Easymix com diacetato de clorexidina 0,5%; Grupo 6 (G6) - RelyX™ U 200 com diacetato de clorexidina 0,5%. Em relação ao teste de exaustão, o cimento de fosfato de zinco foi o que apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana. No referente à citotoxicidade, não houve efeito citotóxico significativo entre todas as amostras testadas, tendo apenas o cimento de fosfato de zinco sem adição de diacetato de clorexina no período de eluição de 72 h ficado ligeiramente acima da barra de viabilidade celular. Considerando a microdureza Knoop, o cimento de fostato de zinco apresentou comportamento inferior ao Ketac™ Cem Easymyx e ao RelyX™ U 200, que não foram diferentes entre si e, assim, a adição do diacetato de clorexidina a 0.5% não modificou a propriedade mecânica analisada dos cimentos testados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the hardness and the antimicrobial potential of three cements for cementation used in dentistry modified with 0.5% chlorhexidine diacetate. For the exhaustion test were used 48 specimens samples with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, placed in a 96 well plate, divided into 2 specimens samples according to the elution period for each previously determined group. The elution was done with PBS (phosphate buffer), making an isotonic environment for periods of 60, 30 and 15 days, or without exhaustion (immediate), with subsequent exposure to the bacterial inoculum (Streptococcus mutans in 80 Colony Forming Units - UFC) in an isotonic medium to prevent the death of bacteria. After 60 minutes at 37°C exposure, each specimen received 100 µL of agar TSA, for the analysis of the colonies' growth. Cell viability was evaluated by colorimetric test Metiltetrazolium (MTT), which was used in a suspension of the cell type L929 (mouse fibroblasts gum), strain recommended by ISO 10993-5 2009 for carrying out the cytotoxicity tests. The samples were eluted in the periods of 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days, when 200 µL were aliquoted from specimens samples eluting solution, to perform the colorimetric test. In general, four replicates were tested of each obtained samples, distributed into previously defined specimen groups, totalizing 18 specimens samples with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. The Knoop microhardness analysis (KHN) was done preparing five specimens samples for each experimental group with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, included in 6 pink acrylic resin blocks. Each group was designed according to the treatment to be received. Group 1 (G1) - Zinc phosphate cement without chlorhexidine diacetate; Group 2 (G2) - Ketac™ Cem Easymyx without clorexina diacetate; Group 3 (G3) - RelyX™ U 200 without chlorhexidine diacetate; Group 4 (G4) - Zinc phosphate cement with 0,5 % chlorhexidine diacetate; Group 5 (G5) - Ketac™ Cem EasyMix with 0,5% chlorhexidine diacetate; Group 6 (G6) - RelyX™ U 200 with 0,5% chlorhexidine diacetate. Regarding to exhaustion test, zinc phosphate cement showed the best antimicrobial activity. With regard to cytotoxicity, there was no significant cytotoxic effect of all tested samples, having only the zinc phosphate cement without adding chlorhexidine diacetate in the elution period of 72 h, stayed slightly above the cell viability bar. Considering the Knoop hardness, zinc phosphate cement showed less behavior than Ketac™ Cem Easymyx and RelyX™ U 200, which were not different between them. Thus, the addition of 0.5% chlorhexidine diacetate did not modified the mechanical property of the tested cements.

Effects of perioperative hypothermia and reactive oxygen species in the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the hypothesis that induced perioperative hypothermia (32 ± 1ºC) affects the redox balance in the tissue of colonic anastomosis in rats by modifying biochemical enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers related to oxidative stress. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups of six animals each and underwent laparotomy, sigmoid section and immediate anastomosis. Four groups were operated under normothermia (36 ± 1ºC), and the other four under hypothermia (32 ± 1ºC). The animals were reoperated on days 3, 7 and 14 postoperatively, and two groups underwent SHAM at 3 days. From the scar tissue samples, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was evaluated, and the levels of non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress, such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation, were measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The means were compared between groups corresponding to each day of sampling and euthanasia. RESULTS: The hypothermic groups showed a significant reduction on the activity of SOD on day 7 postoperatively, on the activity of CAT on days 7 and 14 postoperatively and on the levels of GSH on day 7 postoperatively. The level of lipid peroxidation was increased in the hypothermia group on day 7 postoperatively and decreased on day 14 compared with the normothermic groups. CONCLUSION: Perioperative hypothermia reduced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation in the scar tissue of colonic anastomoses in rats.

Effects of perioperative hypothermia and reactive oxygen species in the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats

PURPOSE: We evaluated the hypothesis that induced perioperative hypothermia (32 ± 1ºC) affects the redox balance in the tissue of colonic anastomosis in rats by modifying biochemical enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers related to oxidative stress. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups of six animals each and underwent laparotomy, sigmoid section and immediate anastomosis. Four groups were operated under normothermia (36 ± 1ºC), and the other four under hypothermia (32 ± 1ºC). The animals were reoperated on days 3, 7 and 14 postoperatively, and two groups underwent SHAM at 3 days. From the scar tissue samples, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was evaluated, and the levels of non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress, such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation, were measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The means were compared between groups corresponding to each day of sampling and euthanasia. RESULTS: The hypothermic groups showed a significant reduction on the activity of SOD on day 7 postoperatively, on the activity of CAT on days 7 and 14 postoperatively and on the levels of GSH on day 7 postoperatively. The level of lipid peroxidation was increased in the hypothermia group on day 7 postoperatively and decreased on day 14 compared with the normothermic groups. CONCLUSION: Perioperative hypothermia reduced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation in the scar tissue of colonic anastomoses in rats. .

Effects of perioperative hypothermia on healing of anastomosis of the colon in rats.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the hypothesis that induced perioperative hypothermia in rats causes adverse effects on the healing of colonic anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of six animals that underwent laparotomy, sigmoid section, and anastomosis. Four groups were operated under normothermic conditions (36 ± 1 °C) and four under hypothermic conditions (32 ± 1 °C). The reoperations were performed on days 3, 7, and 14 post-surgery, and two groups where SHAM reoperated on day 3. We evaluated anastomotic bursting pressure and tissue hydroxyproline content; performed a histological analysis of inflammatory parameters and healing (inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, fibrin, collagen deposition and apoptotic cells) with categorization scores = 0, 1, 2, 3; and examined the relative quantification gene expression (cDNA) of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10)] and growth factors [vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)] by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Both of the hypothermic groups showed lower anastomotic burst pressure on days 7 and 14 post-surgery, reduced hydroxyproline content on day 14, reduction of inflammatory infiltrates and edema at day 3, and less collagen deposition on day 14. In animals that were hypothermic, the cytokine gene expression showed reduced IL-1 on day 3, reduced IL-6 on days 7 and 14, and reduced IL-10 on days 7 and 14 and a reduction in the growth factor IGF-1 on day 7. CONCLUSION: Perioperative hypothermia had detrimental effects on the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.

Distribuição das tensões relacionadas ao uso de retentores em dentes tratados endodonticamente utilizando o método dos elementos finitos / Stress distribution related to the use of retainers in endodontically treated teeth using the finite element method

A restauração dos dentes tratados endodonticamente, com grande fragilidade de suas estruturas, traz dúvidas ao clínico quanto à melhor forma de atuar nesses elementos. Os retentores intrarradiculares, sejam núcleos metálicos fundidos ou pré-fabricados, são geralmente necessários para a restauração destes elementos. Cada um desses materiais imprime uma força diferente nas estruturas adjacentes, sendo o entendimento destas uma necessidade para a melhor escolha e aplicação clínica do retentor. Objetivo: A proposta do presente trabalho é analisar e avaliar a distribuição de tensões no complexo dente-periodonto pelo método dos elementos finitos bidimensional com a utilização de diferentes tipos de retentores. Método: Este estudo tem por base modelos matemáticos de um canino superior tratado endodonticamente com a utilização de retentores intrarradiculares metálicos fundidos em NiCr, metálicos pré-fabricados em titânio. Os modelos foram submetidos a uma carga de 100 N por palatina em um ângulo de 45º. A análise e avaliação das tensões foram realizadas para cada um dos modelos e seus diferentes tipos de pinos. Resultados: A maior concentração de tensões se deu com o uso do pino metálico pré-fabricado de titânio, com valores de tração que oscilam entre 1.207 MPa a 4.878 MPa e de compressão entre -9.806 MPa a -2.464 MPa. O pino metálico fundido imprimiu tensões de menores valores, mais homogêneas e uniformes, tendo seus valores de tração variando de 1.287 MPa a 4.919 Mpa e seus valores de compressão variando de -9.607 MPa a 2.344 Mpa. Conclusão: Os pinos intrarradiculares metálicos pré-fabricados de titânio geram forte estresse no sistema dente-periodonto, sendo o menos indicado clinicamente. O mais indicado para uso clínico foi o pino metálico fundido, cuja tensão se manifestou de maneira mais uniforme no elemento dentário.

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth with great structure fragility challenges the clinician about the best way to proceed on these elements. The use of intracanal retainers, either post and core systems of prefabricated posts, is usually necessary to restore this kind of teeth. Each one of these materials exerts a different force on the adjacent structures and understanding these forces is mandatory for a better choice and clinical application of intracanal retainers. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the stress distribution in the tooth-periodontium complex by the two-dimensional finite element method, using different types of retainers. Methods: This study was based on mathematical models of an endodontically treated maxillary canine, using a NiCr cast intracanal posts and a prefabricated titanium post. The models were subjected to a 100 N load directed palatally at a 45º angle. The strains for each of the models and different types of post were analyzed and evaluated. Results: The highest stress concentration occurred with the use of the prefabricated titanium post, with traction values ranging from 1207 MPa to 4878 MPa and compression values between -9806 and -2464 MPa. The NiCr cast post exhibited lower tension values, with a more homogeneous and uniform distribution, traction values ranging from 1287 MPa to 4919 MPa and compression values ranging from -9607 MPa to 2344 MPa. Conclusion: Prefabricated titanium intraradicular posts induced strong stress to the tooth-periodontium complex and is less indicated clinically. The metal cast post appears more adequate cast for clinical use, as the resulting tension was distributed more uniformly along the tooth.